The refugee definition in Article 1A(2) Refugee Convention does not explicitly refer to gender or sexuality. From the early 1980s, feminist and subsequent LGBTQI critiques have pointed out that this results in the practice of privileging straight men. This has resulted in a rethinking of the concept of refugee and asylum procedures at the international level, as well as on specific provisions of EU law.
Asylum decision‑making, gender and sexuality, in Evangelina Tsourdi, Philippe De Bruycker (eds), Research Handbook on EU Migration and Asylum Law, Edward Elgar 2022, 194-203
